Amaphampu wamangqamuzana anikwe amandla kazibuthe angamaphampu lapho ukushefa kwawo kusekelwa amandla kazibuthe, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufaka isicelo emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamanje kwe-semiconductor, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip, ukufakwa kwezimboni nezinsimbi zesayensi.